Panic disorder can be overwhelming, leaving those who experience it feeling frightened and confused by the sudden and intense physical and emotional symptoms. Panic attacks are also unique in that they are very physical and difficult to understand. While panic attacks can be brought on by extreme stress during major life events, many times they appear to be first triggered by almost nothing at all.
While environmental factors and personal experiences often contribute to the development of panic disorder, there is evidence to suggest that it may also be hereditary – where those that have panic attacks in their family are more likely to get them in the future.
If you have close relatives who experience panic attacks or have been diagnosed with panic disorder, you might wonder if there’s a genetic connection. Research suggests that there are biological factors that can predispose certain individuals to this condition, making it more likely to run in families.
The Role of Genetics in Panic Disorder
Studies have shown that panic disorder has a genetic component, meaning that it can be passed down from one generation to the next. This connection is supported by:
- Family Studies – Research indicates that first-degree relatives of individuals with panic disorder are more likely to develop the condition themselves compared to the general population.
- Twin Studies – Identical twins, who share 100% of their DNA, show higher rates of shared panic disorder compared to fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their DNA.
- Genetic Variants – Scientists have identified specific genetic markers that may be associated with increased susceptibility to anxiety and panic disorders. These genes are thought to influence how the brain regulates fear and stress responses.
Keep in mind, however, that even if it is passed down, that does not mean that the other person will get it. In addition, like all mental health conditions, even if someone does have it as a result of their family, it can still be reduced and managed. Mental health is not destiny.
Biological Pathways That May Be Inherited
The genetic link to panic disorder likely involves biological systems that influence how the body reacts to stress and processes fear. Research indicates that several parts of the body and brain may be responsible for triggering panic attacks, including:
- Amygdala and Fear Response – The amygdala, a part of the brain that processes fear, is often hyperactive in individuals with panic disorder. This heightened activity may be partially influenced by inherited traits.
- Serotonin and Neurotransmitter Regulation – Genetic variations affecting serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and anxiety, could make some individuals more vulnerable to developing panic disorder.
- Hypersensitivity to Physical Sensations – Some people inherit a heightened sensitivity to physical changes in their body, such as increased heart rate or shortness of breath, which can trigger panic attacks.
These may make panic disorder and panic attacks more likely than they would be for the rest of the population, but they may not be the only factor. In addition, a person can develop panic attacks even without these factors at play.
While genetics may predispose someone to panic disorder, they are not the sole cause. Environmental factors and life experiences often act as triggers for the condition. For example:
- High-stress events or trauma can activate a predisposition to panic disorder.
- Growing up in a family where anxiety is present can lead to learned behaviors and coping mechanisms that contribute to the condition.
- Cultural and societal factors influence how anxiety and panic are experienced and managed.
And, of course, if a person has panic attacks, it can respond to treatment – meaning that a component has to be environmental at least in part, as the mind can take control over the attacks.
Why This Matters
Panic attacks are influenced by complex biological and environmental factors. For individuals with a family history of panic disorder, knowing about the potential genetic connection can encourage early intervention and proactive management.
If you have panic disorder or suspect you might be predisposed, help is available. Treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness techniques, and medication can effectively reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
Whether or not panic disorder runs in your family, you don’t have to manage it alone. With the right support and tools, it’s possible to take control and live a fulfilling life. If you would like help addressing panic attacks and panic disorder, please reach out to Long Island Counseling Services, today.